1. Pure copper: commonly known as "red copper" in China

a. Common grades: T1, T2, T3, TU1, TU2

b.Characteristics: Conductive

c. Common uses: electrical switches, motor coils, electronic parts, air-conditioning pipelines, soldering gun heads

2. Brass: containing zinc

a. Common grades: H59, H62, H65, H68, HPb59-1 (free-cutting brass)

b. Features: high strength, wear resistance, water vapor corrosion resistance

c. Common uses: architectural hardware, heat exchanger tubes, pumps, power cylinders and bushings, military supplies

3. Cupronickel: nickel

a. Common grades: B19, B25, BFe10-1-1, BZn15-20, BA13-3

b. Characteristics: Stable physical properties at room temperature

c. Common uses: medical equipment, precision instruments, thermocouples, watch parts, spectacle frames

4. Bronze:

a. Definition: Japanese name: tin bronze, such as ancient bells, tripods, and wine vessels

New definition: general term other than the three categories of purple, yellow and white copper

b. Name:

Chromium bronze: QCr 0.5, QCr 0.6-0.4-0.05

Tin bronze: QSn 4-3, QSn 6.5-0.4, QSn 7-0.2

Aluminum bronze: QAl 5, QAl9-2, QAI 10-4-4

Bronze: QSi 3-1, QSi 3.5-3-1.5

Manganese bronze: QMn 1.5, QMn 5

Pot bronze: QCd1 etc.

c. According to practical physical and chemical indicators, such as hardness, strength, elasticity, high temperature resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc., there are different formulas

d. Purpose:

Example: Tin phosphor bronze: good elasticity, used as lamp spring, switch spring